When Is South Carolina Gonna Secede Again
32e. The South Secedes
Crowds gathered in front of the Capitol building in Montgomery, Alabama, the twenty-four hour period that the secession bill was passed.
The force of events moved very speedily upon the election of Lincoln. South Carolina acted first, calling for a convention to secede from the Union. Country past land, conventions were held, and the Confederacy was formed.
Within iii months of Lincoln's election, vii states had seceded from the Union. Just as Springfield, Illinois historic the election of its favorite son to the Presidency on Nov 7, then did Charleston, Due south Carolina, which did not cast a single vote for him. It knew that the election meant the formation of a new nation. The Charleston Mercury said, "The tea has been thrown overboard, the revolution of 1860 has been initiated."
S Carolina Ordinance of Secession
Nosotros, the people of the State of South Carolina, in convention assembled, practice declare and ordain, and information technology is hereby alleged and ordained, That the ordinance adopted by united states in convention on the twenty-third day of May, in the year of our Lord one 1000 seven hundred and eighty-eight, whereby the Constitution of the United states of America was ratified, and also all acts and parts of acts of the Full general Associates of this State ratifying amendments of the said Constitution, are hereby repealed; and that the wedlock now subsisting betwixt South Carolina and other States, under the name of the "Usa of America," is hereby dissolved.
Washed at Charleston the twentieth day of December, in the yr of our Lord chiliad eight hundred and sixty.
This map shows the states that seceded from the Union before the fall of Fort Sumter, those that seceded afterward, the slave states that did not secede, and the Matrimony states.
Within a few days, the two United States Senators from South Carolina submitted their resignations. On December xx, 1860, past a vote of 169-0, the South Carolina legislature enacted an "ordinance" that "the wedlock now subsisting between Due south Carolina and other States, under the name of 'The United States of America,' is hereby dissolved." As Gist had hoped, South Carolina's action resulted in conventions in other southern states. Mississippi, Florida, Alabama, Georgia, Louisiana, and Texas all left the Wedlock by February 1. On February 4, delegates from all these states except Texas met in Montgomery, Alabama, to create and staff a government called the Confederate States of America. They elected President Jefferson Davis. The gauntlet was thrown. How would the North respond?
Senator Crittenden's two sons went on to serve as generals on reverse sides of the Civil War.
A few terminal ditch efforts were made to end the crisis through Constitutional amendment. Senator John Jordan Crittenden proposed to amend the Constitution to extend the old 36°30' line to the Pacific. All territory North of the line would exist forever costless, and all territory south of the line would receive federal protection for slavery. Republicans refused to back up this measure.
On March two, 1861, ii days earlier Lincoln's inauguration, the 36th Congress passed the Corwin Amendment and submitted it to the states for ratification as an amendment to the Constitution. Senator William H. Seward of New York introduced the amendment in the Senate and Representative Thomas Corwin of Ohio introduced it in the Business firm of Representatives. The text of the proposed amendment is every bit follows:
"No amendment shall exist made to the Constitution which volition authorize or give to Congress the power to abolish or interfere, inside any State, with the domestic institutions thereof, including that of persons held to labor or service past the laws of said Country."
Annotation that, much like the rest of the language in the Constitution prior to the Civil War, the proposed amendment never uses the word "slavery," instead employing the euphemisms "domestic institutions" and "persons held to labor or service." The proposed amendment was designed to reassure the seceding slave states that the federal government would not interfere with their "peculiar institution." If it had passed, it would have rendered unconstitutional any subsequent amendments restricting slavery, such as the 13th Amendment, which outlawed slavery throughout the nation. The Corwin Amendment passed the land legislatures in Ohio, Kentucky, Rhode Island and Maryland. Even Lincoln'southward own state of Illinois passed it, though the lawmakers who voted for information technology in Illinois were non actually the elected legislators simply were delegates to a state constitutional convention.
Lincoln supported the Amendment, specifically mentioning it in his first inaugural address:
"I understand a proposed amendment to the Constitution — which subpoena, however, I take not seen — has passed Congress, to the effect that the Federal Government shall never interfere with the domestic institutions of u.s.a., including that of persons held to service ... holding such a provision to at present be implied constitutional law, I have no objection to its being made express and irrevocable. "
The subpoena failed to get the required approval of 3/4 of all state legislatures for a Constitutional Amendment, largely considering many of the southern slave states had already seceded and did not vote on it.
What was the President doing during all this furor? Abraham Lincoln would non exist inaugurated until March 4. James Buchanan presided over the exodus from the Spousal relationship. Although he thought secession to be illegal, he constitute using the army in this example to be unconstitutional. Both regions awaited the arrival of President Lincoln and wondered anxiously what he would practice.
Source: https://www.ushistory.org/us/32e.asp
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